FMx系列对未来空调市场的影响

Future of air conditioning with FMx family

Air Conditioning Challenge

来自空调市场的挑战
Air conditioning (A/C) systems in buildings contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, both directly through refrigerant emissions, as well indirectly through fossil fuel combustion for power generation.

建筑大楼内的空调系统，一直以来都是温室气体的主要排放来源之一。从其制冷剂的直接排放，到通过化石燃料燃烧供电，都为全球变暖话题带来压力。

Globally, stationary A/C systems account for nearly 700 million metric tons of direct and indirect CO2-equivalent emissions annually. Indirect emissions from electricity generation account for approximately 74% of this total.

在全世界范围内，固定式空调系统每年直接和间接产生的CO2排放量接近7亿吨。其中因发电的间接排放量高达74%。

Expected Growth in A/C

可预测的增长
Over the past several decades, product and lifecycle cooling costs have declined substantially in many global markets due to improved, higher-volume manufacturing and higher energy efficiency driven by R&D investments and efficiency policies including minimum efficiency standards and labeling programs.

在过去的几十年中，由于研发投资和效率政策（包括最低效率标准和标签计划）的推动与改进，带来了更高的生产产量及能源效率，众多全球市场的产品和生命周期的冷却成本已大幅下降。

Today demand of A/C equipment represents over a $100billion, 100 million-unit per year global market, and accounts for 4.5 oxyjoules(4.26 Quadrillion Btus) of site energy consumption per year. Adoption of A/C in the 21st century will see further increase in developing countries, especially those in hot and humid climates with large and growing populations, such as India, China, Brazil, ASEAN and Middle Eastern nations.

如今，空调设备的需求已超过价值1000亿美元，也就是每年全球1亿台，占每年站点能源消耗的4.5焦耳（4,260,000,000,000,000Btus）。在21世纪，空调将在尤其是在人口众多且人口不断增长的炎热潮湿气候发展中国家，进一步增加空调的使用频率，例如印度，中国，巴西，东盟和中东。

But without action by the international community, the expected demand for A/C in countries in the upcoming decades will substantially increase global greenhouse gas emissions. The A/C industry must continuously invest in R&D of multi- and variable-speed drives, novel compressor, fan, motor, and heat exchanger designs, electronic expansion valves, and advanced controls. With these technologies, we can improve the energy efficiency of A/C systems and certainly reduce the environmental impact.

但是，如果国际社会不采取相关行动，未来的几十年里，这些国家对空调的需求将大大增加全球温室气体的排放量。因此空调行业必须不断加强：多档和变速驱动器，创新的压缩机，风扇，电动机和热交换器设计，电子膨胀阀和高级控制装置等的研发投资。借助这些技术，我们可以提高空调系统的能源效率，从而减少对环境带来的影响。

Achieving Energy Efficiency with Inverter Technologies

利用逆变器技术实现能源效率
For basic understanding: an inverter is a semiconductor-based power converter.An inverter that converts direct current into alternating current is called a DC-AC inverter. However, the term “inverter” generally refers to the equipment that combines an AC-DC converter (that changes an alternating current into a direct current) and a DC-AC inverter so as to be able to generate arbitrary frequencies and voltages.

这里做一个基本的解释：逆变器就是基于半导体的功率转换器。将直流电源转换为交流电源的逆变器简称为DC-AC逆变器。但是，术语“逆变器”通常是指将AC-DC转换器（及将交流电源转换为直流电源）以及DC-AC逆变器组合在一起，从而产生任意频率和电压的设备。

逆变器的概念示意图

The rotation speed, or RPM, of a three-phase AC induction motor is represented by the following equation, which indicates that the RPM is inversely proportional to the number of poles (P) and proportional to frequency (f). Motors have a fixed number of poles, which is a multiple of 2such as 2, 4, and 6. Since an inverter is capable of dynamically changing the DC frequency, it is most suitable for variable-speed motor control applications.

三相交流感应电动机的转速由以下公式组成，该公式表示RPM与极数（P）成反比，与频率（f）成反比。电机的极数固定是2的倍数，例如2、4和6。由于逆变器能够动态改变直流频率，因此最适合变速电机控制应用。

Motor rotation speed, N (rpm)＝(60×𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦𝑓) /(𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑃/2)＝𝟏𝟐𝟎𝒇𝑷 (min.-1)

(Revolutions per minute: The unit of measure for the rotation speed is min.-1.)

电机转速N（rpm）＝（60×𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦/）/（𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑃/ 2）＝𝟏𝟐𝟎𝒇𝑷（最小-1）
（每分钟转数：转速的测量单位为最小值-1。）

There are various types of inverter systems using different control, commutation, and modulation methods. Voltage-type PWMinverters are most commonly used in Inverters for A/C Market.

逆变器系统可以使用各种不同方式类型的控制通信以及调制方法。其中电压型PWM逆变器是最常用于空调市场的逆变器中。

分流电阻用于负载电流检测示意图

Isabellenhütte Offer

Isabellenhütte提供的解决方案
Inverter technologies and their control systems did evolve over the years. The trend was underpinned by the usage of Compressors with higher current and power loads in A/C market and increasing their efficiency by precise controls.
For Isabellenhütte it was a new challenge to complement the already well-accepted product families of VMx and CMx with a Lower Ohm Values but similar power load factor to enlarge our market share in Inverter type A/C market.

多年来，逆变器技术及其控制系统一直在不断地完善发展。所以空调市场通过精确控制具有更高电流和功率负载的压缩机，从而提高其能源效率，是必不可挡的趋势。
Isabellenhütte的机遇，是用较低的欧姆阻值和相似的功率负载来填补已经广为接受的VMx和CMx产品系列市场，来扩大我们在变频器类型空调市场中的市场份额。

From these necessities, a new FMx family has been developed.

因此，全新的FMx系列产品即将面世！

FMx产品详细参数示意图

By using our proven resistance alloy ZERANIN®, MANGANIN® and the initial use of NOVENTIN® for an ISA-PLAN® product, very good TCR and long-term stability values can be guaranteed. The combination of a simple component construction and the use of our proprietary alloys will make the FMx stand out from the competition and one of based used application are inA/C industry for motor drive control in Inverter circuits.

FMx产品通过使用我们自产的优异电阻合金ZERANIN®，MANGANIN®以及NOVENTIN®，可确保其优良的TCR和长期稳定性。简单的组件结构结合我们专有合金，使得FMx产品系列在竞争中脱颖而出，协助空调行业中逆变器电路的电机驱动控制研发。